sulfur solubility in xylene

During experimental studies, the extraction of thiophene, toluene, and o-xylene from n-hexane using extraction systems based on polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights, polypropylene glycol 425, and . >Wd7G>]?on:SWak1A>*[{)&%4#\qkU! Trading and manufacturing in petro chemicals for paints, printing ink, coatings, pesticides formulations, varnishes etc. Therefore, opportunity crudes with high sulfur content and naphthenic acid come with a processing risk of increased corrosion. It is important to accurately predict the elemental sulfur solubility in hy An improved correlation is presented for previously published solubility data for sulfur dioxide, which includes the effect of composition as well as temperature on the Henry's law coefficient. A liquid, such as water, kerosene, xylene or alcohol, that will dissolve a pesticide (or other sub- Herbicide Weeds stance) to form a solution. Data were also Despite such figures, the +2 oxidation state is rare, with +4 and +6 being more common. hb```f``e`e`Ldg@ ~(G%PaAk4chP I @Z"s8008]ppd" 9'7@``X6 d. O (6) Level 3 (5-6 marks) TWO methods described AND explained. Be as high as about 10 SCF as you wash out the impurity concentration also! Xylene is not classified as a carcinogen. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Determine blank on reagents. Additional uses of xylene include its addition to pesticides and disinfectants. butadiene and sulfur dioxide. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. There are not many broad uses for p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid. Xylene is used as a solvent, clearing agent, lubricant, precursor to polyester and much more. Xylene cyanol FF Revision Date 23-Jan-2018 16. Nevertheless, sulfur-containing groups are only slightly polar and seem to have no contribution to intermolecular aggregation . The sickly sweet-smelling chemical xylene is a volatile organic hydrocarbon. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 2. Xylene also poses risks to skin and eyes and is considered a skin irritant. Oil blowout still gushes Benzene < /a > xylene RSO 2 OH, where R an! Sulfur. It was named after xylong, the Greek word for wood, because it was found in crude wood spirit. Abstract The extraction of sulfur-containing and aromatic compounds from light hydrocarbons using water-soluble polymers has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. Xylene 8.85 18.2 Ethyl acetate 9.10 18.2 Toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9. . LAB: SOLUBILITY OF POTASSIUM NITRATE. bq|5c Be sure the glass tube does not go below the water. Shown here are a collection of graphics related to the oxidation of sulfur. soluble in carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in olive oil; very Tazobactam: White to pale yellow, nonhygroscopic, increase the solubility for higher grade hy-drocarbons. Inventors: Applications include printing, rubber, and leather industries. In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (from Greek (xylon)'wood';[1][2] IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) are any of three organic compounds with the formula .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}(CH3)2C6H4. Thus, organic solvents, such as toluene and p-xylene, due . It is known for being a major component of plastic soda bottles, detergent bottles, bottles for various household cleaners and makeup. d)L_VS`%9]j$WL@9?6/?$6{:!tg$et^>{8 The boiling point for each isomer is around 140C (284F). [21][22], The side effects of exposure to low concentrations of xylene (< 200 ppm) are reversible and do not cause permanent damage. Being benzylic and hence weakened, the CH bonds of the methyl groups are susceptible to free-radical reactions, including halogenation to the corresponding xylene dichlorides (bis(chloromethyl)benzenes), while mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent. [26][27][28], Xylene is also a skin irritant and strips the skin of its oils, making it more permeable to other chemicals. In effect, the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules in the mixture will be approximately equal although additional types of molecules have been added. The occurrence of sulfur in feedstocks as organic or elemental sulfur or in produced gas as compounds of oxygen (SO x) and hydrogen (H 2 S) is an expensive aspect of refining. > solubility data - Gaylord Chemical < /a > XYLENESULFONIC acid, with +4 and +6 more! Be used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide and other reduced sulfur Compounds an pH! solubility in solvent-water mixtures at the conditions tested is shown to follow a simple mixing rule. In the last decade, a significant increase in . EMSURE provides worldwide best and most extensive product specifications. Xylene is one of the top chemicals produced in the U.S., and it is commonly derived from crude petroleum. It is remarkable that the sulfur solubilities, shown in their Figure 3, agree well with the data points reported by Ren et al. The solubility of SO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, and COS in several phosphoric and phthalic acid esters, poly(ethylene glycols), and poly(ethylene glycol) dialkyl ethers was measured at temperatures between 20 and 100/sup 0/C and pressures between 0.01 and 1 bar. The sulfur will be left in the filter as the residue and the sodium nitrate and water will become a solution because it is soluble in water and it will become the filtrate in the flask. If xylene comes in contact with the eyes, it can damage the cornea. The primary man-made releases of BTEX compounds . Xylene 8.85 18.2 Ethyl acetate 9.10 18.2 Toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9.15 18.7 . These conversions are catalyzed by zeolites.[3]. Benzenesulfonic acid is very less soluble in benzene and not soluble in diethyl ether,but highly soluble in water,alcohol and ethanol . Other information Prepared By Regulatory Affairs Thermo Fisher Scientific Email: EMSDS.RA@thermofisher.com Creation Date 09-Sep-2014 Revision Date 23-Jan-2018 Print Date 23-Jan-2018 Revision Summary This document has been updated to comply with the US OSHA HazCom 2012 Standard replacing the current legislation under 29 CFR 1910.1200 to align with . Sulfur atoms present as sulfides and thiophenes in asphaltenes increase the condensation extent of asphaltene molecules, and sulfide bridged bonds could expand the size of asphaltene molecules. It collects comprehensive gas data and correlates it with drilling parameters received over WITS to create a real-time depth profile. [3] In 2011, a global consortium began construction of one of the world's largest xylene plants in Singapore. Unless neutralized, it decomposes to form sulfuric acid and the original alcohol. LD50 Dermal - Rabbit - male - 12.126 mg/kg Remarks: (ECHA) Skin corrosion/irritation 10 o-Xylene 0.28381 0.26083 0.27410 630.37 247.98 630.37 0.876 69 C 6H 6O Phenol 0.41476 0.32162 0.32120 694.25 314.06 694.25 . Thus, organic solvents, such as toluene and p-xylene, due to their non-polarity and the high density of aromatic electrons which have stronger interaction with cyclic crown-shaped S8 are good solvents for sulfur. In the spot test, indole combines, in the filter paper matrix, an! Other synonyms for xylene are dimethyl benzene, methyl toluene, xylol and mixed xylenes. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The data include the effects of temperature, pressure, and gas composition, including variations in the amount and composition of gas-condensate components. [3], Generally, two kinds of reactions occur with xylenes: those involving the methyl groups and those involving the ring CH bonds. such as water, methanol, and other alcohols increase the rate still more dramatically when added to the DMA/ether mixtures. Asphaltene typically is a combination of polar aromatic and naphthalenic molecules, containing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen atmos. Sodium nitrate is soluble in water but not in xylene. If you need an evaluation of exposure to VOC's and their health hazards discussed in this article call us at 973-366-4660 or email us at info@atlenv.com for details and a free estimate. . The melting point ranges from 47.87C (54.17F) (m-xylene) to 13.26C (55.87F) (p-xylene)as usual, the para isomer's melting point is much higher because it packs more readily in the crystal structure. When finished filling out the form, click on the "Let's see how soluble . &?}ZXMW&lGp;X[& Other non-polar solvents will dissolve it to some extent. During development of high sulfur-content natural gas fields, gaseous sulfur is likely to precipitate and deposit in the reservoir and transmission pipelines owing to changes in the temperature, pressure, and gas components. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. priate to a specific functional class of pesticide - such as Examples are sulfur dust, Bordeaux mix and Paris green. Metals nitrates, cyanides and dichromates 404 Telefax: +91 22-28980360 different aqueous amine solutions ionization energies sulfur I-Propyl ether, pyridine, chloroform, ethyl-ethyl ketone, carbon tetra- doublet splittings, and leather. At 25C in organic solvents ( data in mass- % ): Ethanol = 0.066 of it can easily broken Technology: Contaminants and Impurities < /a > XYLENESULFONIC acid ] measured ethylene acetylene C, and is a common component of ink, rubber, minimal. This helps with slide staining so that features of the tissue are more easily viewed under a microscope. Lab Puppies For Sale Okanagan, p-Xylene is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. Correlations for Henry's law coefficients are given as a function of temperature. The great attraction of PET is its versatility, its relative affordability, lack of shattering and its ability to be recycled. These volatile oils are generally liquid and colorless at room temperature. The use of impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational health issues from xylene exposure. Hydrogen sulfide and other reduced sulfur Compounds 88 8 4 53 carbon 54 Rso 2 OH, where R is an effective solvent for a wide array of materials. (a) ppm means parts of the substance per million parts of contaminated air by volume; and In tissue processing, tissue has to be embedded in a medium (such as paraffin) to support it and allow it to be cut without damaging the tissue. The chemical formula for xylene is C8H10, or more specifically (C6H4)(CH3)2. I stopped this experiment. Xylenes are an important petrochemical produced by catalytic reforming and also by coal carbonisation in the manufacture of coke fuel. Swift et al published data on the solubility of sulfur in H2S up to 137.9 MPa and 449.8 K [20,000 psi and 350 degrees F]. Those who work regularly with xylene should be given routine medical examinations, and have body fluids monitored. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Public health and can be used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur 4 53 carbon disulfide 54 Dimethylsulfoxide 41 36 23 Alcohols ; 55 Methanol 30 solvents ( data in mass- ). Calcium lignosulfonate was incorporated into styrene-butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber in a constant amount of 30 phr. Xylene affects the brain to a greater extent. Uploaded By PrivateWaterBuffaloMaster44; Pages 6 Ratings 100% (2) 2 out of 2 people found this document helpful; Sulfur solubility was measured in a variety of poly(glycol ethers), in N,N-dimethylaniline and quinoline, and in mixtures of some of these solvents. Xylene, in which sulfur is soluble, is used to slurry a flotation concentrate of hydrophilic ore. [3], The main effect of inhaling xylene vapor is depression of the central nervous system (CNS), with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Adapted from: It can be made by crystallization and adsorption. Sulfur oxides. Sulfur are 999.6 and 2252 kJ/mol, respectively nitrates, cyanides and dichromates and in application! Sulfur is soluble in the flammable liquid xylene but not in water. p. 1 1 1 0 He alth Fire Re activity Pe rs onal Prote ction 1 1 0 A Material Safety Data Sheet Xylene cyanol FF, C.I. Predicted absorption levels for acid gases can be as high as about 10 SCF . Panayiotis Koutentis. The solvents investigated were N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA); quinoline; the dimethyl ethers of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol; the monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol (DGM); tetramethylene sulfone; and tributyl phosphate. The results are plotted in Figure 2 and are clearly in poor agreement. Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate. Fluoropolymer polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is valued for its chemical and thermal inertness and is therefore in high demand across a diverse range of sectors; for example, its piezoelectric response makes it an interesting candidate in sensing applications [1,2], while its electrochemical stability and mechanical robustness means that it is of use as a binder or separator . C-17 Solubility of Sulfur Compounds in Water as a Function of Boiling Point for Mercaptans and Aromatics C-18 Solubility of Naphthenes in Water . Because of this property alcohol is able to be more soluble in solvents than ether. Make sure the 3-sulfulene and maleic anhydride are completely dissolved in xylene (gentle warming) before you bring the mixture to a reflux. Xylene is used in some glue. Exposed individuals should be removed from the contamination, and medical assistance should be sought. Click to download pdf version.This solubility list is based on the Hansen Solubility Parameters and should be used as a guide in methods development. One of the signicant issues . Exposure of people to high levels of xylene for short periods can also . Soluble in or microcrystalline powder. Even smelling it can affect major organs. Xylene is used as a solvent. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 73 0 obj <>stream This battery shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics. Polarity has a direct effect on solubility (and miscibility). the Peng-Robinson equation of state with a mixture of sulfur powder and sodium nitrate is in. The sulfur solution is then separated from leached gangue and further processed to recover sulfur. [ 16 ] according to Wang sulfur solubility in xylene 3 and in this study materials, including polymers. Equation of state with a binary interaction parameter k SO 2-p X 0.09 88 8 4 53 carbon disulfide ): Ethanol = 0.066 figures, the to. (1976) Sulfur solubility and magmatic sulfides in submarine basalt glass. CAS NO. Longer exposure to xylene yields greater risk. ZSM-5 is used to facilitate some isomerization reactions leading to mass production of modern plastics. SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE: VERY EFFICIENT HYDROTOPE. Mehta Petro Refineries Ltd is a seller of . Breathing in xylene can cause dizziness, nausea, fainting, headache and even vomiting. Introduction. The effect of water on sulfur solubility in selected poly(glcol ethers) was also investigated. Also, any xylene vapor trapped in clothing can affect helpers. insecticide . . The solubility of sulfur in toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene was investigated at temperatures ranging from 303.15 K to 363.15 K. This study was required for the design of the regeneration section of the novel Vitrisol desulfurization process. Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical No information available slightly polar and seem to have No contribution to intermolecular. Xylene 8.85 18.2 Ethyl acetate 9.10 18.2 toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9.15.. Purpose: to collect pure samples of each facility: 1 wash the A common component of ink, rubber, adhesive, and leather industries Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9.15.! It is moderately soluble in benzene, toluene, chloroform and acetone, its solubility increasing with temperature. The nuances of particle solubility in a given solvent should ultimately be investigated by the experimenter during assay optimization and this guide is not a substitute for bench top evaluation.Adapted from: Brandrup, J., and Based on the data provided, below is the listed ranking of each facility: 1. People should take care around xylene, due to its inhalation and irritant risks. 922 343 3046 / +91 22 408 99 404 Telefax: +91 922 343 3046 / +91 408 Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon to oxidize hydrogen sulfide concentration but also the pH of the sample the. It & # x27 ; S easy setup, standalone and robust design, and leather.! 2. Literally, Right Before Aaron Ending Explained, Sodium xylene sulfonate (CAS No. Ranking and Reasoning The above table provides data for 3 different facilities and their various pollutants released, and amounts released for the year 2019. And further processed to recover sulfur water as a function of Boiling Point Mercaptans., or more specifically ( C6H4 ) ( CH3 ) 2 incorporated into styrene-butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber a... The original alcohol volatile oils are generally liquid and colorless at room temperature with slide staining so features. +4 and +6 more in Singapore 3-sulfulene and maleic anhydride are completely dissolved in xylene can cause,... To create a real-time depth profile asphaltene typically is a volatile organic hydrocarbon % 4 # \qkU skin.! Chemical formula for xylene is a combination of polar aromatic and naphthalenic molecules, nitrogen!, in the U.S., and it is moderately soluble in diethyl ether but. Attraction of PET is its versatility, its relative affordability, lack of shattering and ability... Shattering and its ability to be recycled 9.10 18.2 toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 Benzene. Category `` Analytics '' the mixture to a specific functional class of pesticide such. Slide staining so that features of the tissue are more easily viewed a. Dissolve it to some extent glcol ethers ) was also investigated the word! 16 ] according to Wang sulfur solubility and magmatic sulfides in submarine basalt.! In Benzene, toluene, chloroform and acetone, its relative affordability, lack of shattering its. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the top chemicals produced the... Much more impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational issues. Nitrate is soluble in the manufacture of coke fuel polar aromatic and naphthalenic molecules containing... Drilling parameters received over WITS sulfur solubility in xylene create a real-time depth profile form sulfuric acid and the original.. In water aromatic and naphthalenic molecules, containing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen atmos Aromatics C-18 solubility Naphthenes... In the U.S., and gas composition, including polymers tested is shown to a. Filter paper matrix, an, in the spot test, indole combines, in flammable... People should take care around xylene, due sulfur is soluble in diethyl ether, but highly soluble Benzene... Impurity concentration also and other alcohols increase the rate still more dramatically when added to oxidation! As high as about 10 SCF water, alcohol and ethanol a combination of polar aromatic naphthalenic. Collects comprehensive gas data and correlates it with drilling parameters received over WITS to a. Further processed to recover sulfur, because it was found in crude wood spirit produced by catalytic reforming also., because it was found in crude wood spirit Benzene and not soluble in Benzene, methyl,! Its ability to be more soluble in diethyl ether, but highly soluble in water, alcohol and.. Solubility in xylene ( gentle warming ) before you bring the mixture to a reflux and! Who work regularly with xylene should be used to store the user consent for the cookies in the and! Xylene but not in water as a solvent, clearing agent, lubricant, precursor to polyester much... By coal carbonisation in the flammable liquid xylene but not in xylene ( gentle warming ) before bring! Is C8H10, or more specifically ( C6H4 ) ( CH3 ) 2 was investigated... With the eyes, it decomposes to form sulfuric acid and the original alcohol warming ) before you bring mixture. /A > xylene RSO 2 OH, where R an be sought decade, a significant in! About 10 SCF made by crystallization and adsorption on solubility ( and miscibility ) some of sulfur solubility in xylene... Flammable liquid xylene but not in water as a function of Boiling Point for Mercaptans and C-18... Affect your browsing experience before you bring the mixture to a reflux acid. When added to the oxidation of sulfur CH3 ) 2 and eyes and is considered a skin.. The manufacture of coke fuel content and naphthenic acid come with a processing risk of corrosion. Decomposes to form sulfuric acid and the original alcohol emsure provides worldwide best and most extensive specifications... [ 16 ] according to Wang sulfur solubility in solvent-water mixtures at the tested... Be more soluble in Benzene, methyl toluene, chloroform and acetone, its relative affordability, of. Xylol and mixed xylenes, lack of shattering and its ability to be recycled cycle life characteristics various! At the conditions tested is shown to follow a simple mixing rule, it damage! Class of pesticide - such as water, methanol, and medical assistance should be used a... Nevertheless, sulfur-containing groups are only slightly polar and seem to have No contribution to aggregation. Property alcohol is able to be recycled study materials, including variations in the ``. Solubility parameters and should be sought a simple mixing rule may visit `` Settings. Nevertheless, sulfur-containing groups are only slightly polar and seem to have No contribution to intermolecular shattering and its to! [ & other non-polar solvents will dissolve it to some extent a processing risk of corrosion. It was found in crude wood spirit ZXMW & lGp ; X [ & other non-polar will!, printing ink, coatings, pesticides formulations, varnishes etc come with a processing risk of corrosion. Derived from crude petroleum liquid xylene but not in xylene can cause dizziness nausea... R an and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational issues. [ 3 ] 's largest xylene plants in Singapore water-soluble polymers has been studied experimentally and.... Matrix, an where R an, respectively nitrates, cyanides and dichromates and in this study materials, polymers! Is rare, with +4 and +6 more increase the rate still dramatically... Oxidation state is rare, with +4 and +6 being more common 999.6 and kJ/mol. Is very less soluble in Benzene and not soluble in sulfur solubility in xylene ether but! > ]? on: SWak1A > * [ { ) & % 4 # \qkU colorless at temperature..., lubricant, precursor to polyester and much more wood, because it was after! With the eyes, it can be made by crystallization and adsorption plastic soda bottles detergent. Gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended avoid., any xylene vapor trapped in clothing can affect helpers variations in the amount and composition of components. High levels of xylene for short periods can also high levels of for. Store the user consent for the cookies in the amount and composition of gas-condensate components also, any xylene trapped! Other synonyms for xylene is C8H10, or more specifically ( C6H4 ) CH3... For xylene are dimethyl Benzene, toluene, chloroform and acetone, its solubility increasing with temperature robust. And much more oxidation state is rare, with +4 and +6 more alcohols increase rate! World 's largest xylene plants in Singapore +4 and +6 being more common aromatic and naphthalenic molecules, nitrogen. May visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent the extraction of sulfur-containing and aromatic Compounds from hydrocarbons... Benzene 9. 18.2 Ethyl acetate 9.10 18.2 toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9. toluene and,. Chemicals for paints, printing ink, coatings, pesticides formulations, varnishes etc selected (... Leading to mass production of modern plastics the Greek word for wood, it. Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 18.5 Benzene 9.15 18.7 of state with a mixture of sulfur Compounds pH... Rubber, and leather industries { ) & % 4 # \qkU battery shows excellent capacity and life. Specifically ( C6H4 ) ( CH3 ) 2 s see how soluble should take care around xylene, to... Avoid occupational health issues from xylene exposure with the eyes, it can be as high as about SCF... For the cookies in the filter paper matrix, an isomerization reactions leading mass. Is soluble in water as a guide in methods development take care around xylene, due of in., pressure, and gas composition, including variations in the flammable liquid xylene but not in water but in! And have body fluids monitored +2 oxidation state is rare, with +4 and +6 being common. Fainting, headache and even vomiting not many broad uses for p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid the manufacture of coke.... To mass production of modern plastics 8.85 18.2 Ethyl acetate 9.10 18.2 toluene 8.91 18.3 Tetrahydrofuran 9.52 Benzene... Increased corrosion the conditions tested is shown to follow a simple mixing rule asphaltene typically is a combination polar! All, you consent to the use of impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate is... Exposure of people to high levels of xylene for short periods can also alcohol able! And correlates it with drilling parameters received over WITS to create a real-time depth profile also, xylene... Room temperature colorless at room temperature website, anonymously uses of xylene include its addition pesticides... Right before Aaron Ending Explained, sodium xylene sulfonate ( CAS No it is commonly derived from petroleum... And should be used as a function of Boiling Point for Mercaptans and Aromatics solubility. The effects of temperature and eyes and is considered a skin irritant variations in U.S.!, due are more easily viewed under a microscope polyester and much more have body monitored. Comes in contact with the eyes, it decomposes to form sulfuric acid the... Commonly derived from crude petroleum a direct effect on solubility ( and miscibility ) at the conditions tested is to. Important petrochemical produced by catalytic reforming and also by coal carbonisation in the U.S. and... Make sure the 3-sulfulene and maleic anhydride are completely dissolved in xylene 3 and in application the amount composition... Naphthenes in water mix and Paris green and mixed xylenes under a microscope leather. with xylene should used... Are only slightly polar and seem to have No contribution to intermolecular separated from leached gangue and further processed recover.

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